The current price of Cardano is $0.72290. Over the last 24 hours, Cardano has increased by +0.26%. It currently has a circulating supply of 35,972,695,141 ADA and a maximum supply of 45,000,000,000 ADA, giving it a fully diluted market cap of $26.04B. At present, the Cardano coin holds the 8 position in market cap rankings. The Cardano/USD price is updated in real-time.
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Cardano (ADA) is a third-generation blockchain platform looking to improve the workings of Ethereum and Bitcoin. Named after Gerolamo Cardano, a 16th-century Italian polymath, Cardano describes itself as a third-generation blockchain equipped with the technologies required to enable a sustainable and secure crypto network.
Like every Layer 1 blockchain project, Cardano also has its native token, which doubles as the consensus anchoring mechanism and a settlement currency. This token is named ADA after a 19th-century mathematician, Ada Lovelace, who developed the first computer algorithm and is regarded as the first programmer.
How does Cardano work?
Cardano is among the first blockchains to be built using the highly secure Haskell programming language. Its multi-layered protocol is capable of performing sophisticated functions, comprising of a Cardano Settlement Layer (CSL), which serves as a unit of account, and a Cardano Computing Layer (CCL), which executes smart contracts and facilitates identity recognition and compliance.
The workings of Cardano boil down to implementing an energy-efficient consensus mechanism called Ouroboros. Ouroboros is a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism where users stake their assets to validate transactions. The validators are rewarded with ADA tokens in proportion to their staked assets. This in-house developed technology allows Cardano to use only a fraction of the energy used by legacy blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum to validate transactions and keep their networks secure.
Besides offering an environmentally friendly network, the Cardano blockchain resolves the scalability issues plaguing established blockchains without dialing down on the importance of decentralization. Specifically, Cardano currently processes 250 transactions per second (TPS), a considerably high figure compared to Ethereum's 15 TPS and Bitcoin's 4 TPS. It does this while providing the infrastructure required to develop and launch decentralized applications (DApps). Notably, these functionalities have elevated Cardano's popularity in the crypto community.
ADA tokens are used to pay transaction fees, and users can also stake their ADA tokens to receive ADA-denominated yields. In the future, holders can use their ADA tokens to participate in governance-related processes. When this happens, ADA holders will become the major stakeholders of the Cardano economy and will collectively decide on the future of the blockchain.
Over the years, Cardano has emerged as one of the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization due to its sophisticated blockchain architecture and the endless potential it offers as regards blockchain scalability.
What is Cardano's Alonzo upgrade?
The Alonzo upgrade was one of the most significant enhancements to the Cardano network, adding smart contract capabilities. It was implemented on the Mainnet in September 2021 and furthered its aim of competing with Ethereum, the world's leading smart contract platform. The introduction of smart contracts laid the path for developers to build various applications on Cardano and even mint non-fungible tokens (NFTs), expanding the network's capabilities in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space.
What is Cardano's Vasil upgrade?
Another significant development for the Cardano ecosystem was the Vasil upgrade. Named after Vasil Dabov, a Bulgarian mathematician and former Cardano contributor who passed away in December 2021, the upgrade aims to enhance the network's capabilities. While the upgrade was initially scheduled for June 2022, it was delayed to September 22, 2022, a week after Ethereum, Cardano's biggest competitor, switched to a PoS network.
The Vasil upgrade enhanced Cardano's programming language Plutus, enabling developers to build dApps with greater speed, transactional capability, and powerful scripts. The upgrade also introduced diffusion pipelining, which streamlined the sharing of new blocks with network participants, ensuring that blocks can be shared in the network within five seconds of their creation. The Vasil upgrade was implemented as a hard fork and aimed to enhance the network's throughput and experience for all users.
ADA price and tokenomics
ADA has a max supply of 45 billion tokens, and 34.18 billion ADA tokens were already in circulation by September 2022. Initially, ADA was distributed through an initial coin offering (ICO) in which 25.9 billion ADA tokens were sold in five rounds of public sales for around $79.2 million.
A total of 5.18 billion ADA tokens, or 20 percent of the circulating supply of 25.9 billion, was distributed among the three entities responsible for the development of Cardano. They are Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK), the Cardano Foundation, and Emurgo. IOHK received 2.46 billion tokens, while Emurgo and the Cardano Foundation received 2.07 billion and 640 million ADA tokens, respectively.
Therefore, 31.11 billion ADA tokens were in circulation at Cardano's official launch, and the remaining 13.88 billion ADA tokens were set aside as a reserve to incentivize and reward stakers. The primary distribution mechanism of ADA is its staking mechanism. Like most blockchain solutions, Cardano runs an incentive-based economy designed to encourage participants to contribute positively to the growth and safety of the ecosystem.
Specifically, stakers are rewarded with ADA tokens as part of the mechanisms to encourage users to participate in the transaction validation process. In essence, staking doubles as a token emission system for Cardano as newly issued coins are periodically allocated to successful stakers. This will continue until 45 billion ADA coins are in circulation.
As mentioned earlier, the supply cap of ADA is 45 billion tokens, with approximately 34.18 billion tokens already in circulation. Considering that 31.1 billion ADA was allocated to various entities at the launch of Cardano, it is safe to say that around 2.9 billion ADA has been distributed via the staking mechanism.
About the founders
Cardano was launched in 2017 by founder Charles Hoskinson. Although Hoskinson started researching and building Cardano in 2015, the project and its native token, ADA, did not officially launch until 2017.
Before this, Hoskinson was heavily involved in creating Ethereum as one of its co-founders. He left the project due to differences in ideologies over the future of the network. Hoskinson reportedly wanted to accept venture capital and turn Ethereum into a for-profit project, while Vitalik Buterin wanted to keep it running as a non-profit.
Former Ethereum colleague Jeremy Wood approached Hoskinson soon after, and the two started Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK) in 2015. IOHK is an engineering company that primarily focuses on the development of Cardano while helping to build cryptocurrencies and blockchains for academic institutions, enterprises, and government entities.
In addition to being a contributor to Ethereum, Hoskinson was the founding chairman of the Bitcoin Foundation's education committee. He also established the Cryptocurrency Research Group in 2013.
What makes Cardano unique?
One thing that continues to set Cardano apart is how its development has unraveled via an open-source and peer-reviewed model. Cardano is peer-reviewed, as all of the components that have come together to make up its infrastructure were academically researched by experts around the globe using evidence-based methodologies. As such, it has taken longer than expected for some of the features of Cardano to come to life. This is due to the strict scrutiny that each upgrade must undergo before implementation.
Number of posts mentioning a token in the last 24h. This can help gauge the level of interest surrounding this token.
Contributors
Number of individuals posting about a token in the last 24h. A higher number of contributors can suggest improved token performance.
Interactions
Sum of socially-driven online engagement in the last 24h, such as likes, comments, and reposts. High engagement levels can indicate strong interest in a token.
Sentiment
Percentage score reflecting post sentiment in the last 24h. A high percentage score correlates with positive sentiment and can indicate improved market performance.
Volume rank
Volume refers to post volume in the last 24h. A higher volume ranking reflects a token’s favored position relative to other tokens.
In the last 24 hours, there have been 15K new posts about Cardano, driven by 1.5K contributors, and total online engagement reached 2.5M social interactions. The sentiment score for Cardano currently stands at 87%. Compared to all cryptocurrencies, post volume for Cardano currently ranks at 944. Keep an eye on changes to social metrics as they can be key indicators of the influence and reach of Cardano.
Powered by LunarCrush
Posts
15,192
Contributors
1,504
Interactions
2,504,982
Sentiment
87%
Volume rank
#944
X
Posts
12,493
Interactions
2,119,318
Sentiment
88%
Cardano FAQ
What is the total supply of Cardano?
The maximum supply of Cardano is capped at 45 billion, of which 31.11 billion tokens were in circulation during the launch of the network.
What are the factors that affect the price of Cardano?
Like most crypto tokens and altcoins, Cardano’s price is susceptible to the larger crypto market price trends. This means that during bull cycles, Cardano’s price increases, and the price of Cardano falls during bear markets.
Apart from market trends, Cardano’s price is also affected by factors such as network upgrades and positive or negative news around the network. At OKX, we advise you to research any cryptocurrency before buying and trading them. Cryptocurrency is deemed a high-risk asset and prone to sharp price movements. Therefore, we ask that you only buy what you are willing to lose.
Furthermore, like all cryptocurrencies, Cardano is volatile and carries risks. Therefore, before buying, you should do your own research (DYOR) and evaluate your risk appetite before proceeding.
Why do some refer to Cardano as the "green blockchain"?
Bitcoin uses the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism that requires miners to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem, making the process energy intensive. However, the miner who solves the problem gets to validate transactions and create a block and is rewarded in BTC.
On the other hand, Cardano uses the PoS consensus mechanism that is several times less energy intensive. In fact, according to Hoskinson's estimates, Cardano's energy usage is 0.01 percent of Bitcoins. This is why Cardano is sometimes referred to as the "green blockchain."
What are the five eras of Cardano's development?
Cardano's development roadmap is divided into five stages: Byron, Shelley, Goguen, Basho, and Voltaire. During the Byron era, the Cardano team developed the foundational code for the network with the Ouroboros consensus mechanism at its heart, allowing users to exchange the native token, ADA.
The Shelley era focussed on decentralization to ensure that the nodes were run by a diverse group of people instead of centralized groups. Next, the Goguen phase saw the Alonzo upgrade that introduced smart contract capabilities to Cardano. The Vasil upgrade, part of the Basho era, focused on improving the network's scalability by improving throughput. Cardano is also working to introduce side chains to further boost scalability during this phase.
The Voltaire period will see the addition of voting and a treasury system for a self-sustained governance mechanism. It will allow users to stake their assets and vote on the future developments of the network.
How can I buy ADA?
Easily buy ADA tokens on the OKX cryptocurrency platform. Available trading pairs in the OKX spot trading terminal include ADA/USDT, ADA/USDC, ADA/ETH, and ADA/BTC.
To view the estimated real-time conversion prices between fiat currencies, such as the USD, EUR, GBP, and others, into ADA, visit the OKX Crypto Converter Calculator. OKX's high-liquidity crypto exchange ensures the best prices for your crypto purchases.
How much is 1 Cardano worth today?
Currently, one Cardano is worth $0.72290. For answers and insight into Cardano's price action, you're in the right place. Explore the latest Cardano charts and trade responsibly with OKX.
What is cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies, such as Cardano, are digital assets that operate on a public ledger called blockchains. Learn more about coins and tokens offered on OKX and their different attributes, which includes live prices and real-time charts.
When was cryptocurrency invented?
Thanks to the 2008 financial crisis, interest in decentralized finance boomed. Bitcoin offered a novel solution by being a secure digital asset on a decentralized network. Since then, many other tokens such as Cardano have been created as well.
ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Asset details
Name
OKcoin Europe LTD
Relevant legal entity identifier
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Name of the crypto-asset
Cardano ADA
Consensus Mechanism
Cardano ADA is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, cardano.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently.
Cardano uses the Ouroboros consensus mechanism, a Proof of Stake (PoS) protocol designed for scalability, security, and energy efficiency. Here’s a detailed explanation: Core Concepts: 1. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validators (called slot leaders) are selected based on the amount of ADA they have staked, rather than solving complex computational puzzles. Validators propose and validate blocks, which are added to the blockchain. 2. Epochs and Slot Leaders: Cardano divides time into epochs (fixed time periods), each of which is subdivided into slots. Slot leaders are selected for each slot to validate and propose blocks. Slot leaders are chosen randomly based on the amount of ADA staked. More stake increases the probability of being selected. Validators are responsible for confirming transactions during their slot and passing the block to the next slot leader. 3. Delegation and Staking Pools: ADA holders can delegate their tokens to staking pools, which increases the pool’s chances of being selected to validate a block. The pool operator and delegators share the rewards based on their stakes. This system ensures that participants who do not want to operate a full validator node can still earn rewards and contribute to network security by supporting trusted staking pools. 4. Security and Adversary Resistance: Ouroboros ensures security even in the presence of potential attacks. It assumes that adversaries may attempt to propagate alternative chains or send arbitrary messages. The protocol is secure as long as more than 51% of the staked ADA is controlled by honest participants. Settlement Delay: To protect against adversarial attacks, the new slot leader must consider the last few blocks as transient. Only the blocks preceding these are treated as finalized, ensuring that chain finality is secure against manipulation attempts. This mechanism also allows participants to temporarily go offline and resynchronize as long as they are not disconnected for more than the settlement delay period. 5. Chain Selection: Cardano's nodes adopt the longest valid chain rule: each node stores a local copy of the blockchain and replaces it with any discovered valid, longer chain. This ensures that all nodes eventually converge on a single version of the blockchain, maintaining network consistency.
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees
Cardano ADA is present on the following networks: binance_smart_chain, cardano.
Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform.
Cardano uses incentive mechanisms to ensure network security and decentralization through staking rewards, slashing mechanisms, and transaction fees. Incentive Mechanisms to Secure Transactions: 1. Staking Rewards: - Validators, known as slot leaders, secure the network by validating transactions and creating new blocks. To participate, validators must stake ADA, and those with larger stakes are more likely to be selected as slot leaders. - Validators are rewarded with newly minted ADA and transaction fees for successfully producing blocks and validating transactions. - Delegators, who may not wish to run a validator node, can delegate their ADA to staking pools. By doing so, they contribute to the network’s security and earn a share of the rewards earned by the pool. The rewards are distributed proportionally based on the amount of ADA delegated. 2. Slashing Mechanism: - To prevent malicious behavior, Cardano employs a slashing mechanism. Validators who act dishonestly, fail to validate transactions properly, or produce incorrect blocks face penalties that involve the slashing of a portion of their staked ADA. - This provides strong economic incentives for validators to act honestly and ensures the network’s integrity and security. 3. Delegation and Pool Operation: - Staking pools can charge operation fees (a margin on rewards) to maintain their infrastructure. This includes fixed costs set by pool operators. Delegators earn rewards after pool fees are deducted, providing a balanced incentive for both operators and delegators to participate actively. - Rewards are distributed at the end of each epoch, where staking pool performance and participation determine the distribution of ADA rewards to all stakeholders. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: - Transaction fees on Cardano are paid in ADA and are generally low. They are calculated based on the size of the transaction and the network’s current demand. These fees are paid to validators for including transactions in new blocks. - The fee formula is: a + b × size, where a is a constant (typically 0.155381 ADA), b is a coefficient related to the transaction size (0.000043946 ADA/byte), and size refers to the transaction size in bytes. This ensures that the fee adapts based on network load and the size of each transaction. 2. Staking Pool Fees: - Staking pool operators charge operational costs and a margin fee, which covers the cost of running and maintaining the staking pool. These fees vary between pools but ensure that operators can continue to provide their services while offering rewards to delegators. - After the operator's fee, the remaining rewards are distributed among the delegators based on the size of their stake.
Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates
2024-03-18
End of the period to which the disclosure relates
2025-03-18
Energy report
Energy consumption
813456.24717 (kWh/a)
Renewable energy consumption
17.205691088 (%)
Energy intensity
0.00022 (kWh)
Key energy sources and methodologies
To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from the European Environment Agency (EEA) and thus determined.
Energy consumption sources and methodologies
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components:
For the calculation of energy consumptions, the so called “bottom-up” approach is being used. The nodes are considered to be the central factor for the energy consumption of the network. These assumptions are made on the basis of empirical findings through the use of public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. The main determinants for estimating the hardware used within the network are the requirements for operating the client software. The energy consumption of the hardware devices was measured in certified test laboratories. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) binance_smart_chain is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
Emissions report
Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions – Controlled
0.00000 (tCO2e/a)
Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - Purchased
273.95502 (tCO2e/a)
GHG intensity
0.00008 (kgCO2e)
Key GHG sources and methodologies
To determine the GHG Emissions, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from the European Environment Agency (EEA) and thus determined.
Disclaimer
The social content on this page ("Content"), including but not limited to tweets and statistics provided by LunarCrush, is sourced from third parties and provided "as is" for informational purposes only. OKX does not guarantee the quality or accuracy of the Content, and the Content does not represent the views of OKX. It is not intended to provide (i) investment advice or recommendation; (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell or hold digital assets; or (iii) financial, accounting, legal or tax advice. Digital assets, including stablecoins and NFTs, involve a high degree of risk, can fluctuate greatly. The price and performance of the digital assets are not guaranteed and may change without notice. OKX does not provide investment or asset recommendations. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. Please consult your legal/tax/investment professional for questions about your specific circumstances. For further details, please refer to our Terms of Use and Risk Warning. By using the third-party website ("TPW"), you accept that any use of the TPW will be subject to and governed by the terms of the TPW. Unless expressly stated in writing, OKX and its affiliates (“OKX”) are not in any way associated with the owner or operator of the TPW. You agree that OKX is not responsible or liable for any loss, damage and any other consequences arising from your use of the TPW. Please be aware that using a TPW may result in a loss or diminution of your assets. Product may not be available in all jurisdictions.
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